来源:小学生学习之家(ID:XXSXXZJ)
今天,辅导君给同学们分享一份英语音标的标准发音及拼读规则,大家在家可以跟着学哦~
一、国际音标16讲【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 1 | [ɪ]+[ʊ]+ [iː]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 2 | [uː]+[ʌ]+[ɑː]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 3 | [ɒ]+[ɔː]+[ɜː]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 4 | [ə]+[e]+[æ]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 5 | [ɪə]+[ʊə]+[aɪ]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 6 | [ɔɪ]+[əʊ]+ [aʊ]+[eɪ]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 7 | [p]+[b]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 8 | [d]+[tʃ]+ [dʒ]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 9 | [k]+[g]+[f]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 10 | [v]+ [θ]+[ð]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 11 | [s]+[z]+[ʃ]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 12 | [eə]+[h]+[r]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 13 | [ʒ]+[tr]+[ts]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 14 | [dr]+[dz]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 15 | [m]+[n]+[ŋ]【国际音标】BBC专业音标发音教学 Part 16 | [l]+[j]+[w]
二、拼读规则
英 语 音 标:48 个 国 际 音 标
📖 音节与音节划分知识
1. 音节
以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [ŋ ] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元音字母就有几个音节。
2. 音节的划分
① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时,一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:let-ter,mem-ber,chil-dren,daugh-ter
② 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时,如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果重读音节里的元音是短音,则辅音字母属于重读音节。
例如:长音 pa-per,stu-dent,fa-ther,ze-ro,mo-tor,far-ther
短音 sev-en,stud-y,moth-er,ver-y,mod-le ,weath-er
3. 重读音节
单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
4. 开音节
① 绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。
例如:no,blue,ba-by,stu-dent,se-cret
② 相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。
例如:name,these,bike,home,excuse
5. 闭音节
单个元音字母后面有辅音字母(r、w、y 除外)且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。
例如:bag,egg,fish,not,cup
6. 双音节词重读规则
① 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如: stu-dent,Chi-na,sec-ond,au-tumn
② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。
例如:a-bout,be-fore,ex-cuse,re-pair,for-get-ful,in-ven-tor
7. 多音节词重读规则
多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如: el-e-phant
词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。
例如:scien-tific,im-pression,na-tion
📖 英语单词拼读规则
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a | 在开音节中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake | 在闭音节中 | [æ] | bag dad hat map black back | e | 在开音节中 | [i:] | he these me Chinese | 在闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | i | 在开音节中 | [ai] | bike fly drive time nice kite | 在闭音节中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | o | 在开音节中 | [əu] | those close go hoe home no | 在闭音节中 | [ɔ] | clock not box shop sock | u | 在开音节中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday | 在闭音节中 | [ʌ ] | bus cup jump much lunch | 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
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2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a | [ə] | China another woman breakfast | [i] | orange comrade village cabbage | e | [ə] | hundred student open weekend | [i] | chicken pocket begin children | i | [i] | holiday beautiful family animal | [ai] | exercise satellite | o | [ə] | second tonight somebody welcome | [əu] | also zero photo | u | [ə] | autumn diffcult | [ju:] | popular congratulation January | 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate | u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue |
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 既可以读作[ə]音可以读作[i]音。 |
3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a在[w]音后面 | [ɔ] | want what watch wash quality | a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | i在-nd -ld和gh前 | [ai] | find child light high | o在-st -ld前 | [əu] | most postcard old cold | o在m n v th前 | [ʌ] | come monkey love mother
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4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ar ar在[w]音后面 | [α:] | car farm dark sharpener | [ɔ:] | warm quarter towards | or or在[w]音后面 | [ɔ:] | forty morning short | [ə:] | word worker worse | er ir ur | [ə:] | certainly bird Thursday | 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry sorry hurry | -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音,例如:dollar teacher forget Saturday
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5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | are | [εə] | care dare hare | ere | [iə] | here mere | ire | [aiə] | fire hire wire | ore | [ɔ:] | more score before | ure | [juə] | pure cure | are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[tʃə]音或[ʒə],例如:picture pleasure | 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。 例如:parent zero story during inspiring | 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 例如:orange very American paragraph
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6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait day play | air | [εə] | air hair chair pair repair | al al在f m前 | [ɔ:l] | small ball talk wall all | [ɔ:l] | always also salt almost | [α:] | half calm | au/aw | [ɔ:] | autumn daughter draw | ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please | [e] | heavy bread sweater weather | [ei] | break great | ear | [iə] | hear dear near clear year | [εə] | bear pear wear swear | [ə:] | earth learn early | ee | [i:] | jeep week green three | eer | [iə] | pioneer deer beer | ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they | [i:] | either key | eu/ew在 j l r s后 | [ju:] | new few newspaper | [u:] | flew brew jewelry | ie/ei[s]音之后 | [i:] | piece field receive | oa | [əu] | coat Joan boat goal | oar/oor | [ɔ:] | roar board door floor | oi/oy | [ɔi] | noise point boy toilet | oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school | [u] | book look cook foot good | ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down | [əu] | know row throw though | [ʌ] | young country enough | [u:] | group you soup | our | [ɔ:] | course your four | [auə] | our hour ours | [ə:] | journey | ui 在j l r s后 | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition suit | [u:] | juice fruit
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7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ai/ay ei/ey | [i] | Sunday foreign monkey | ow | [əu] | yellow sparrow tomorrow |
| -sion -tion | [ʃən] | impression nation | -sion在元音字母后 | [ʒən] | vision decision occasion | -tion在s后 | [tʃən] | question suggestion | -sten | [sn] | listen | -stle | [sl] | whistle | -sure | [ʒə] | pleasure measure | -ture | [tʃə] | picture culture
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8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[ɔ:] | 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[ə]早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:] > cupboard[ɔ:] 碗柜
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9、辅字组的读音
辅字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | b | [b] | bike bus bag | [/] | bomb tomb | c c在e前或在i/y前 | [k] | cake picture coat music | [s] | face decide cinema | ch | [tʃ] | much chick rich teacher | [k] | school headache chemistry | [ʃ] | machine Chicago | -ck | [k] | cock pocket black knock | d | [d] | doctor bread hand day | -dge | [dʒ] | bridge fridge | dr- | [dr] | children driver drink | f | [f] | five four breakfast | g g在e i/y前 | [g] | bag gardon go | [dʒ] | orange large German | gh | [f] | cough enough photo | [/] | light daughter high | gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 | [g] | guess league dialogue | [gw] | language anguish | h | [h] | hot head house hand | [/] | hour honest | j | [dʒ] | jeep jar joke join July | k | [k] | kind bike skate make week | kn- | [n] | knife know knock | l | [l] | life milk school tall | m | [m] | monkey come autumn | -mn | [m] | autumn column solemn | n n在[k] [g]音前 | [n] | not shine ten note | [ŋ] | uncle thank hungry | -ng | [n] | morning young wrong | p | [p] | paper plane pig ship pen | ph | [f] | elephant photo telephone | q | [k] | Iraq | qu- | [kw] | quality quite | r | [r] | red rubber ruler | s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 | [s] | sit sleep desk | [z] | music husband | sc- | [sk] | scar | [s] | muscle science | sh | [ʃ] | she fish shirt wash | t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 | [t] | ten letter meet | [ʃ] | patient nation | tch | [tʃ] | watch | th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 | [θ] | thin thirty method | [ð] | the these with than | [ð] | clothe father weather | tr- | [tr] | tree train country truck | v | [v] | very voice love leave | w | [w] | week win wake sweet wait | [/] | answer two | wh- wh-在字母o前 | [w] | what when white why | [h] | who whose whole | x 在重读元音前 | [ks] | box text exercise | [gz] | examle exist exact | wr- | [r] | write | y- | [j] | yes yard yellow young | z | [z] | puzzle zero zoo
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